Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine

Embryonic Stem Cells Research Articles

            Embryonic stem cells are obtained from the embryo at a developmental stage before the time of implantation into the uterus. Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tubes and a number of cleavages occur over the next few days when the embryo migrates to the fallopian tube and enters the uterus. Each cell (blastomer) of these embryos at the division stage is not differentiated, e.g. They do not look or act like adult cells, and the blastomer is not required to be a particular differentiated cell type. In fact, each of these blastomers has the potential to produce every cell in the body. The first differentiation event in humans occurs about five days after development when the outer cell layer is committed to being part of the placenta (trophectoderm) and separated from the inner cell mass (ICM). ICM cells have the potential to produce all types of cells in the body, but they are quickly depleted after implantation because they differentiate into other cell types with less limited development potential.

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