ISSN: 2044-9038 (Print) 2044-9046 (Electronic)

Clinical Practice

Ecological Biodiversity Impact Factor

Bioprospecting is defined as a systematic and organized search for useful products derived from bioresources including plants, microorganisms, animals, etc., that can be developed further for commercialization and overall benefits of the society. The bioprospecting and conservation of the African Piper genus is almost nonexistent. Bioprospecting is the process of discovery and commercialization of new products based on biological resources. These resources or compounds can be important for and useful in many fields, including pharmaceuticals, agriculture, bioremediation, and nanotechnology. Between 1981-2010, one third of all small molecule new chemical entities approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were either natural products or compounds derived from natural products. Despite indigenous knowledge being intuitively helpful, bioprospecting has only recently begun to incorporate such knowledge in focusing screening efforts for bioactive compounds. Bioprospecting has led to increased interest in potential applications for marine organisms and their by-products. As a rich source of mineralising porous organisms, our seas and oceans could provide new directions for bone tissue engineering, particularly in the supply of biomimetic templates that may enhance in vivo and ex vivo bone formation. In this chapter we examine the history of marine organism use in this field; exploring how these organisms could be utilised.    

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