Journal of Labor and Childbirth

Congenital Muscular Torticollis

The intrinsic strong torticollis is the most widely recognized torticollis which is available during childbirth. The reason for inherent strong torticollis is indistinct. Birth injury or intrauterine malposition is viewed as the reason for harm to the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the neck. Other modifications to the muscle tissue emerge from dull microtrauma inside the belly or an abrupt change in the calcium fixation in the body which causes a delayed time of muscle withdrawal. Any of these instruments can bring about a shortening or over the top constriction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, which diminishes its scope of movement in both revolution and horizontal bowing. The head normally is inclined in sidelong twisting toward the influenced muscle and pivoted toward the contrary side. At the end of the day, the head itself is inclined toward the path towards the abbreviated muscle with the jaw inclined the other way. Congenital muscular torticollis(CMT) is a rare congenital musculoskeletal disorder characterized by unilateral shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM). It presents in newborn infants or young children  with reported incidence ranging from 0.3%-2%. Owing to effective shortening of SCM on the involved side there is ipsilateral head tilt  and contralateral rotation of the face and chin. Numerous theories have been proposed but the true etiology of CMT remains uncertain. Various causes implicated for CMT includes intrauterine crowding or vascular phenomenon, fibrosis from peripartum bleeds,compartment syndrome, primary myopathy of the SCM and traumatic delivery. When diagnosed early, CMT can be managed conservatively, seldom requiring surgery. In children older than 1 year, corrective surgery has both cosmetic and functonal benefits. The best outcomes being obtained between the ages 1 and 4.        

High Impact List of Articles

Relevant Topics in Material Science