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Clinical Practice

Chromatography Review Articles

Chromatography is actually a physical method of separation during which the components of a mix are separated by their distribution between two phases; one among these phases within the form of a porous bed, bulk liquid, layer or film is usually immobile (stationary phase), while the opposite may be a fluid (mobile phase) that percolates through or over the stationary phase. A separation results from repeated sorption/desorption events during the movement of the sample components along the stationary introduce the overall direction of mobile-phase migration. Useful separations require an adequate difference within the strength of the physical interactions for the sample components within the two phases, combined with a favourable contribution from system transport properties that control sample movement within and between phases. Several key factors are responsible, therefore, or act together, to supply a suitable separation. Individual compounds are distinguished by their ability to participate in common intermolecular interactions in the two phases, which can generally be characterized by equilibrium constant, and is thus a property predicted from chemical thermodynamics. Interactions are mainly physical in type or involve weak chemical bonds, for instance dipole–dipole, chemical bond formation, charge transfer, etc., and reversible, since useful separations only result if the compound spends some time in both phases.    

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