Interventional Pediatrics: Emerging Advances in Minimally Invasive Care

Ananya Sharma^*

Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India

*Corresponding Author:

Ananya Sharma
Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
E-mail: ananya.sharma@aiims.ac.in

Received: 01-March-2025, Manuscript No. IPDR-25-170176; Editor assigned: 4-March-2025, Pre-QC No. IPDR-25-170176 (PQ); Reviewed: 20-March-2025, QC No IPDR-25-170176; Revised: 26-March-2025, Manuscript No. IPDR-25-170176 (R); Published: 30-March-2025, DOI: 10.37532/ ipdr.2025.8(1).130

Introduction

Interventional pediatrics has become a rapidly evolving subspecialty that applies minimally invasive, image-guided techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of complex pediatric conditions. Traditionally, children with congenital or acquired diseases underwent open surgical procedures, often associated with higher morbidity and longer recovery. With recent advances, interventional approaches now provide safer and more efficient alternatives, improving quality of life and reducing healthcare burden [1].

Minimally Invasive Approaches in Children

One of the most transformative areas is pediatric interventional cardiology, where catheter-based methods have replaced many open-heart surgeries. Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects and balloon valvuloplasty for congenital stenosis are widely accepted due to reduced hospital stays, faster recovery, and excellent outcomes [2]. These interventions are now routine in tertiary centers across India and globally.

Interventional radiology has also gained importance in pediatrics. Procedures such as percutaneous abscess drainage, vascular embolization, and central venous access are performed using ultrasound or fluoroscopy. These techniques minimize surgical trauma while preserving organ function, which is particularly vital in children with smaller anatomy and increased vulnerability [3].

Another growing area is endoscopic and gastroenterological interventions, including percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) for nutritional support and ERCP for biliary disorders. These methods avoid laparotomy and reduce complications. Pediatric urology has also embraced minimally invasive techniques such as ureteric stenting and injection therapies for vesicoureteral reflux, offering effective outcomes without the risks of open procedures [4].

Despite remarkable progress, challenges remain. Radiation exposure during fluoroscopy-guided procedures is a major concern, as children are more radiosensitive than adults. Adopting low-dose imaging protocols and increasing reliance on ultrasound and MRI guidance are critical steps. Furthermore, device availability remains limited, as most equipment is designed for adults rather than tailored to pediatric anatomy [5].

The future of interventional pediatrics in India and worldwide lies in innovations such as robotic-assisted interventions, 3D imaging for preoperative planning, and artificial intelligence in imaging analysis. These advances will likely enhance precision, safety, and personalization of care. Expanding specialized training programs for pediatricians and interventionalists will also be essential to meet the increasing demand.

Conclusion

Interventional pediatrics has transformed the landscape of pediatric healthcare, shifting the focus from invasive surgeries to safer, less traumatic approaches. By minimizing hospital stays and improving long-term outcomes, this field aligns with child-centered care. Continued technological innovation and tailored training will further strengthen its role in India and globally.

REFERENCES

1. Rao PS. Interventional cardiology in children: current status. Indian Heart J, 2013; 65: 658–665.
2. Saxena A. Pediatric cardiac interventions in India: achievements and challenges. Ann Pediatr Cardiol, 2015; 8: 179–183.
3. Bhatnagar V, Lal R. Pediatric interventional radiology: applications in the Indian context. Indian J Radiol Imaging, 2016; 26: 305–312.
4. Sinha CK, Davenport M. Gastrointestinal endoscopy in children. Indian Pediatr, 2010; 47: 983–990.
5. Krishnamurthy G. Radiation safety in pediatric interventions. Indian J Pediatr, 2012; 79: 1580–1585.