Annals of Clinical Trials and Vaccines Research

Gene Mapping

 Plant breeding and genetics rely on genetic maps. These are made by analysis of segregating plant populations derived by crossing parents with contrasting characteristics. The hybrid resulting from such a cross is then allowed to produce offspring by selfing, and it is in this segregating family that genetic variation, causing different physical attributes (known as the phenotype), can be assessed. Regions of the plant chromosomes that contain important genetic information governing interesting and heritable phenotypic traits are identified by co-inheritance with molecular DNA markers. Molecular markers are basically different length DNA fragments that are all inherited in a simple Mendelian manner During the reproductive phase, recombination, or cross-over, occurs between the corresponding chromosomes from the two parents in the cross. This leads to reshuffling of the genes from each parent so that the chromosomes in the offspring will consist of mixtures, some parts of which are derived from one parent, and some from the other. The closer two positions on the chromosome (loci) are together, the less likely it is that a cross-over point is located between them. The closeness of the linkage between two loci can therefore be measured in a segregating family by observing the inheritance of molecular markers, which can then be ordered on the genetic map.   

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